The Role Of Nanotechnology in Fire Protection

Authors

  • Dejana Jovanović Popović Department of Disaster Management and Environmental Security, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vucica 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18485/fb_ijcss.2025.1.2.17

Keywords:

nanotechnology, nanomaterials, fire protection, fire retardant, IoNT, benefits, risks

Abstract

Nanotechnology provides new solutions for numerous applications that significantly impact almost every aspect of our society, including medicine, smart cities, the military, agriculture, and industry. Additionally, nanostructures are increasingly applied in fire protection. Application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, compared to traditional materials, can extend the preservation of material integrity under direct exposure to fire and its effects. This undoubtedly eliminates or reduces the possible consequences of fire, which, in addition to safety benefits, also has significant economic benefits. The present short survey sought to summarize the use of nanotechnology in fire protection, including fireproof materials, the construction industry, nanotextiles, and nanosensors. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the possibilities of using the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), as well as the potential risks this revolutionary technology, as well as nanotechnology, may pose to humanity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Akhtar, N., & Perwej, Y. (2020). The internet of nano things (IoNT) existing state and future Prospects. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020, 05(02), 131–150. doi: 10.30574/gscarr.2020.5.2.0110

2. Ashton, K. (2009). That 'Internet of Things' thing. RFID Journal, 22, 97-114.

3. Azmy, N.Y., Abu EL Azm, E.T., Ahmed A. Rizk, A.A., & El-Haggag Mehanna, W.A. (2024). Using Nanotechnology to Achieve Sustainability in interior residential spaces. Journal of Engineering Research, 8(6). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Neveen-Azmy-2/publication/388890797_Using_Nanotechnology_to_Achieve_Sustainability_in_Interior_Residential_Spaces/links/67abc7168311ce680c5e6dcf/Using-Nanotechnology-to-Achieve-Sustainability-in-Interior-Residential-Spaces.pdf

4. Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., & Del Giudice, M. (2018). The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart cities projects, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 136, 331-338.

5. Dimitrijevic, D. (2010). Dangers of nanotechnology: potential fire concerns and safety frameworks. International Journal of Emergency Management, 7(3-4), 249-257.

6. Dimitrijević, D. (2011). Nanotechnology: The Need for the Implementation of the Precautionary Approach beyond the EU. In: Understanding and Managing Threats to the Environment in South Eastern Europe (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security), Gorazd Meško, Dejana Dimitrijević, Charles B. Fields (Eds.), 205-224. Dordrecht: Springer.

7. Drexler, K.E. (1986). Engines of Creation: the Coming Era of Nanotechnology. New York: Anchor-Doubleday.

8. Drexler, K.E., Peterson, C., & Pergamit, G. (1993). Unbounding the Future: the Nanotechnology Revolution. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. https://www.hailienene.com/resources/The%20Nanotechnology%20Revolution.pdf

9. European Commission. (2022). Commission Recommendation of 10.06.2022 on the definition of nanomaterial. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_229_R_0001

10. Feynman, R.P. (1960). There’s plenty of room at the bottom. Engineering and Science, 23(5), 22-36. https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/1976/1/1960Bottom.pdf

11. Gibb, A., Jones, W., Goodier, C., Bust, P., Song, M., & Jin, J. (2018). Nanotechnology in Construction and Demolition: What We Know, What We Don’t. Construction Research and Innovation, 9(2), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/20450249.2018.1470405

12. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, R. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 28(7), 1645-1660.

13. Hulla, J., Sahu, S., & Hayes A. (2015). Nanotechnology: History and future. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 34(12) 1318-1321. doi:10.1177/0960327115603588

14. Jarmakiewicz, J., & Parobczak, K. (2016). On the Internet of Nano Things in healthcare network. 2016 International Conference on Military Communications and Information Systems (ICMCIS)). IEEE,2016, 1-6.

15. Jasmani, L., Rusli, R., Khadiran, T., Jalil, R., & Adnan, S. (2020). Application of Nanotechnology in Wood-Based Products Industry: A Review. Nanoscale Research Letters, 15, 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-020-03438-2

16. Jones, W., Gibb, A., Goodier, C., Bust, P., Song, M., & Jin, J. (2019). Nanomaterials in construction–what is being used, and where? Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers – Construction Materials, 172, 1–14. doi:10.1680/jcoma.16.00011.

17. Kim, Y., Lee, S., & Yoon, H. (2021). Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers. Polymers, 13 - 540. doi.org/10.3390/polym13040540.

18. Kolya, H. & Kang, C.-W. (2024). Eco-Friendly Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings for Next- Generation Fire Retardants for Building Materials. Polymers, 16, p. 2045. doi.org/10.3390/polym16142045.

19. Kroto, H.W., Heath, J.R., O’Brien, S.C., Curl, R.F., & Smalley, R.E. (1985). C60: Buckminsterfullerene. Nature, 318, 162 - 163. https://doi.org/10.1038/318162a0

20. Lahtela, V., Turku, I. & Kärki, T. (2023). A review of flame protection of wooden material and future potential with nano additives: Review paper. Baltic Forestry, 29(2):636. doi.org/10.46490/BF636.

21. Li, Y., Cao, C.-F., Chen, Z.-Y., Liu, S.-C., Bae, J., & Tang, L.-C. (2024). Waterborne Intumescent Fire-Retardant Polymer Composite Coatings: A Review. Polymers, 16(16), 2353. doi.org/10.3390/polym16162353.

22. Lin, B., Li, A., De Cachinho Cordeiro, I.M., Jia, M., Lee, Y.X., Yuen, A.C.Y., Wang, C., Wang, W., & Yeoh, G.H. (2024). ‘MXene Based Flame Retardant and Electrically Conductive Polymer Coatings. Polymers, 16(17), 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172461.

23. Mullins-Jaime, C., & Smith, T.D. (2022). Nanotechnology in Residential Building Materials for Better Fire Protection and Life Safety Outcomes. Fire, 5:174. doi.org/10.3390/fire5060174.

24. Metić, A. (2025). The Significance and Role of Police Officers in Building the School as a Safe Environment for All Students. International Journal of Contemporary Security Studies, 1(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.18485/fb_ijcss.2025.1.1.2

25. Nayyar, A., Puri, V., & Le, D-H. (2017). Internet of Nano Things (IoNT): Next Evolutionary Step in Nanotechnology. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 7(1), 4-8. doi: 10.5923/j.nn.20170701.02

26. Olawoyin, R. (2018). Nanotechnology: the future of fire safety. Safety Science, 110, 214-221.

27. Qu, Q., Xu, J., Wang, H., Yu, Y., Dong, Q., Zhang, X., & He, Y. (2023). Carbon Nanotube- Based Intumescent Flame Retardants Achieve High-Efficiency Flame Retardancy and Simultaneously Avoid Mechanical Property Loss. Polymers, 15(6), 1406. doi.org/10.3390/polym15061406.

28. Rabajczyk, A., Zielecka, M., & Gniazdowska, J. (2022). Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents. Materials, 15:8876. doi.org/10.3390/ma15248876.

29. Rabajczyk, A., Zielecka, M., Popielarczyk, T., & Sowa, T. (2021). Nanotechnology in Fire Protection—Application and Requirements. Materials, 14(24), 7849. doi.org/10.3390/ma14247849.

30. Roco, M. C. (2011). The long view of nanotechnology development: the National Nanotechnology Initiative at 10 years. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13, 427–445. doi: 10.1007/s11051-010-0192-z

31. Roco, M. C., Mirkin, C. A., & Hersam, M. C. (2011). Nanotechnology research directions for societal needs in 2020: retrospective and outlook (Vol. 1). Springer Science & Business Media.

32. Sandhu, A. (2006). Who invented nano?. Nature Nanotechnology, 1, 87. doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2006.115

33. Savolainen, K., Alenius, H., Norppa, H. Pylkkänen, L., Tuomi, T., & Kasper, G. (2010). Risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnologies—A review. Toxicology, 269, 92-104.

34. Singh, N.B., Usman, U.L., & Abdala, A. (2005). Nanomaterials in fire protection: Innovation for enhanced safety and durability. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 42, 101497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101497

35. Soutter, W. (2022). Nanotechnology in Explosive Detection. AZoNano, 2 November. https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3089.

36. Taniguchi N., Arakawa C., & Kobayashi T. (1974). On the basic concept of nano-technology; Proceedings of the International Conference on Production Engineering; Tokyo, Japan. 26–29 August 1974.

37. Temane, L.T., & Meek, J. (2024). Review on Processing, Flame‐Retardant Properties, and Applications of Graphene Based Nanomaterials in Polymers. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400104.

38. Turku, I., Kärki, T., & Lahtela, V. (2023). A review of flame protection of wooden materials and future potential with nano additives. Baltic Forestry, 29(2), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.46490/BF636.

39. Wang, Z., Han, E., & Ke, W. (2006). Effect of nanoparticles on the improvement in fire-resistant and anti-ageing properties of flame-retardant coating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 200(20-21), 5706–5716. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.102

40. Whitehill, A.R., Lunden, M., LaFranchi, B., Kaushik, S., & Solomon, P.A. (2024). Mobile air quality monitoring and comparison to fixed monitoring sites for instrument performance assessment. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 17, 2991– 3009. doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2991-2024.

41. Yang, Y., Díaz Palencia, J.L., Wang, N., Jiang, Y. & Wang, D.-Y. (2021). Nanocarbon-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites. Molecules, 26(15), 4670. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154670

42. Zhu, L., Zhang, W., Luan, S., Wei, J., Yang, Y., & Miao, J. (2025). Nanomaterials for Smart Wearable Fibers and Textiles: A Critical Review. iScience, 28(8), 113126. doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113126.

Downloads

Published

23.12.2025

Issue

Section

International Journal of Contemporary Security Studies

How to Cite

Jovanović Popović, D. (2025). The Role Of Nanotechnology in Fire Protection. International Journal of Contemporary Security Studies, 1(2), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.18485/fb_ijcss.2025.1.2.17

Similar Articles

1-10 of 18

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.