Corrections, Retractions, Expressions of Concern and Withdrawal Policy

International Journal of Contemporary Security Studies (IJCSS) preserves an accurate and transparent scholarly record. The published article is the Version of Record and will not be silently altered.

Corrections

A minor typographical error that does not affect meaning may be corrected in the online record with an appropriate note. A material author error is addressed by a corrigendum; a publisher error by an erratum. Notices state what changed, why and when, and are linked to the article. Where appropriate, the notice receives its own DOI and Crossref metadata are updated.

Retraction

Retraction may be necessary when findings are unreliable because of major error or misconduct, publication is redundant, research is unethical, or legal rights have been seriously infringed. The notice identifies the article, states the reason and distinguishes honest error from misconduct where evidence permits. The article remains accessible and clearly marked “Retracted”, except in rare cases requiring removal.

Expression of concern

An expression of concern may be issued when serious doubt exists but evidence is inconclusive, an institutional investigation is pending, or a reliable investigation cannot be completed promptly. It is replaced or updated when the matter is resolved.

Withdrawal and removal

Before final publication, a manuscript may be withdrawn by the authors with explanation or by the journal for a material ethical or legal reason. After publication, removal is reserved for exceptional legal, privacy or security circumstances where continued access would create serious harm. A bibliographic notice remains whenever lawful and feasible.

Procedure

Editors review evidence, seek author responses, consult the publisher and institutions where necessary, and act independently of reputational or commercial pressure. The original record, notice and metadata are bidirectionally linked. Disputed data are assessed without prejudging an investigation. Post-publication comments are considered when specific, evidence-based and respectful.

Questions

Concerns should be submitted through the journal’s Contact page.

Effective date: 22 July 2026
Last updated: 22 July 2026